Paternity Testing Regulation: Help or Hindrance?
Introduction The internet has opened up opportunities for many DNA laboratories to distribute free paternity test kits in hopes of a sale from returned samples. In Europe, France is the only country that regulates how paternity tests are conducted. Citizens of other European nations are free to satisfy their own curiosities and nagging doubts, while French citizens jump through hoops. Regulation and red tape protect some while hindering others.
Society Perspective Pro: In 1941, the French government adopted a law called "Accouchement Sous X," or Childbirth Under X. This law allows a French woman to enter a hospital anonymously by signing her name as an X. Her identity and her child's identity are both kept anonymous. For a mother who has given birth anonymously, for whatever reason, a paternity test would surely break the anonymity. Mothers seeking refuge under the X law will undoubtedly seek the same protection under Article 16. Alleged fathers will also benefit from this law because assessing paternity usually means child support payments. Years of due arrears may be charged to an alleged father if it is found that he is the biological father. Having a lawyer involved in the process for each case's beginning will give greater credibility to the test and its results. The transition from results to court decision is also smoothed and hastened by having a court-appointed lawyer. Con: It's hard to say just how many people have forgone a paternity test because of the red tape involved. The majority of single mothers are in a less-than-favorable financial condition and probably can't afford to hire a lawyer. Placing restriction on business operations shrinks the market, decreases competition, and drives up prices.
Business Perspective Pro: DNA laboratories are able to sell a state utility service to virtually anyone through the postal service. The margin on DNA tests is high, and free home kits can be sent across international borders at a very low cost. French labs are much fewer than the number of labs in other countries, and the likelihood of business being conducted outside France is quite high. Large international laboratories could predatorily price their tests to the point where conducting a DNA test can no longer be done locally. DNA labs that are set up inside France will benefit from this legislation because French citizens are not permitted to conduct a test outside of the country. Although industry protection was not the reason for adding this article to the civil code, French labs capture the entire national market for paternity testing. Con: Article 16 almost creates a public sector for paternity testing. The market size is reduced because fewer people will be willing conduct a test because of the increased complexity. In other countries, such as the UK and Germany, an individual can conduct a test almost whimsically. Having this new technology available to the general public at an affordable price has expanded the market size and allowed businesses to grow. In France, prices are relatively fixed. Consumers make choices based more on location than on price and quality. The legislation also creates an entry barrier for other companies to enter the French market. In order for a laboratory in the UK to compete in France, it would need to expand operations and build inside the country. This infeasibility deters many businesses from expanding into France.
Conclusion To some, red tape is an annoyance; to others, it is due process. Although Article 16-11 forces French citizens to undergo a more lengthy process when conducting a paternity test and hinders business competition, the article serves the best interest of the people. To make this legislation less burdensome, the court-appointed lawyer should be paid for by the state. This will allow more citizens to find the answers to their family-relation questions. Tom LeBaron is a marketing representative of DNA Bioscience. Receive your own free home paternity testing kit, or learn more about DNA paternity testing in the UK.
MORE RESOURCES:
Stressed out execs seek relief in YogaEconomic Times, India - 6 hours agoCorporates too are becoming proactive and invite yoga consultants to hold workshops and classes in offices. “Such activities help build a good working ... |
Yoga For YouHonolulu Star-Bulletin, HI - 5 hours agoRay Madigan and Shelley Choy are certified Iyengar yoga teachers and co-direct the Manoa Yoga Center. Address questions to them at Manoa Marketplace, ... |
Yoga, gym to de-stress Indian CEOsKhabrein.info, India - 29 minutes agoChennai, Oct. 12: With the world on the edge of recession, Indian chief executive officers (CEOs) have taken to yoga to beat stress and restlessness, ... |
All yoga is HinduismWatertownDailyTimes.com, United States - 9 hours agoRegarding the article "Massena yoga program is stalled" (Oct. 2), it continually amazes many Hindus how uneducated (to put in mildly) many are concerning ... |
Yoga - Google News
|
 |
|
|
RELATED ARTICLES
Aerodynamics and Hydrodynamics of the Marine Life and Uses for AI, UAVs, Robotics, and the Future
Air has 750 times less density as the oceans, yet so many of the same principles apply there as well. We are quite familiar with marine life and the performance abilities of sharks, dolphins, penguins, fish, alligators, etc.
Army Mobile Command Center for UAV Launch
After visiting the Denver RC Modeler Club one day as they practiced for the national finals in PHX that year, we attempted a touch and go landing on our Blitz Mobile, which is a 74 foot long NASCAR type truck and trailer. Probably nothing more than a Fighter Pilots son from the cold war wanting to re-invent the aircraft carrier concept on a almost nano scale? We were successful on doing a touch and bounce on the top of the trailer without too much difficulty.
Efficient Transportation Systems
We see in the organized world of the Japanese with their transit systems and floating airports and super engineering anti-Tsunami bridges many ideas in the theory of flow, which assists every part of their society and civilizations. They are masters of the flow of transportations and work hard to perfect every aspect and detail of their transportation system.
The Joy of Recycling
I have always been an advocate of recycling. Even though I am not always convinced of its financial viability, I am thoroughly convinced of its value as a means of increasing public awareness of the cost of our consumerism.
How to Build a Mechanical Bullet Which Turns
A Mechanical bullet, which will turn in flight is well within our technical capabilities. The premise is to have a bullet, which is preset to turn a corner can be achieved thru a small gear setting on the bullet or a preset finger on the barrel or in the chamber which can be dialed in prior to discharge.
Alchemy: Turning Rocks to Gold Since the Middle Ages!
Alchemy. Such a misunderstood science.
Ancient Inventions and Anthropology
ANCIENT INVENTIONS: - In Alexandria and in the Cave of Hathor there appear to be reasons to believe we had electricity. There is no doubt that fraudulent traders were using electrum plating techniques to make gold plate on other metals to sell as pure gold.
Life on Mars, Warm Water Under our Ice Caps, Evidence, Microbes under Our Feet
Well many people out there are asking is there really life on Mars? Our Thinking Group has been asking not if, what type?An article I remember reading and article in Astronomy Magazine back in 1996 that read was there life on Mars and it was an article about a meteorite that landed here on Earth and it was found in 1984 in Antarctica in the Allen Hills ice fields, like I even know where that is? It had bacteria fossils and remains of bacteria that lived about 3.6 billion years ago and the meteor appeared to have come from Mars.
Electromagnetism, The Universe, And You
An electric current produces a magnetic field. This is the principle of the electric motor - varying electric currents moving along wires make magnets with drive shafts spin around in circles.
The Debate About Cloning
There are two types of cloning. One involves harvesting stem cells from embryos ("therapeutic cloning").
Debunking the Debunker
In History and Science:INSPIRATIONAL COMMENTS:"Everybody was glad that I was living; but as I lay there thinking about the wonderful place where I had been and all that I had seen, I was very sad; for it seemed to me that everybody ought to know about it, but I was afraid to tell, because I knew that nobody would believe me. - John G.
Shamans and Their Documented Abilities
Many Shamans will go into a sweat house to get their premonitions, here is a make shift sweat house used by such native Indians;http://www.nativeradio.
4D Mapping of Mars Will Find Life
Let us discuss the mapping of Mars and some thoughts on the matter. We have mapped the Earth by using Satellites and have a complete GIS mapping with complete mineral deposits, underground oil areas, volcanic plumes and even huge natural water aquifers.
Mars Surface Exploration and AFF
As we study more and more about Mars we know there is life. Unfortunately in many regions of the planet it is not so evident.
Paper - More than Meets the Eye
We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.
Many Sci Fi writers have discussed Earthquake predictions
Cal Tech along with the Universities in Japan are on the leading edge of this new technology and it is quickly becoming a reality. Soon we will know months in advance of an expected quake and the precise time maybe known hours or minutes before it actually comes.
Conspiring to Create Our Weather
Some say the weather is totally random and does not exist in any pattern. Even some academia wonder kids show us kaleidoscope pictures of randomness and say see; this is why we cannot predict the weather.
Aerodynamics and Hydrodynamics of the Human Body, Birds, and Boeing
The aerodynamics of the human body are very interesting indeed. This may sound somewhat funny, because human beings can't fly, however our desire to fly has enabled us to adapt and innovate to achieve the same purpose.
Einstein Half Dead
100 years ago Albert Einstein developed his Relativity Theory of physics that claimed that the universe is actuallybased on a space-time-gravity continuum (a non-mechanical version of Rene Descartes' earlier mechanical ether theory) and with time as variable and relative.Einstein believed that his theory disproved "all of Isaac Newton's physics theory", and that "Newton's theory" had disproved all earlier physics theories.
Predictions of Mayan Calendar Followers? 2012 is Just Around the Corner
Well have you heard the latest of the newest Doom and Gloomers? This on; the Mayan Calendar, which officially ends in 2012 the last year being 2011. Yah check this out; http://www.
|
